The stock market crash of 1929

Introduction The 1929 stock market crash led to the Great depression. Prior to the stock market crash capital in America was represented in form of stocks. Typically, corporations owned capital, which was in the form shares of stock. Investors traded their stocks at the New York stock exchange located on Wall Street. However, the stocks crashed in 1929 and affected the American economy greatly.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The stock market crash of 1929 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cause of the crash Overpriced stocks The value of stocks in the stock exchange market rose sharply to unprecedented levels in the 1920s. Consequently, between 1920 and 1929, the value of stocks more than quadrupled and investors’ interest in the stocks was aroused greatly and many borrowed huge amounts of many to invest in stocks. The investors purchased the stocks on margin. They bought on the margin because they were of the belief that the prices of the stock would remain on an upward trend and thus speculation rose and many investors bought the stocks. Eventually the prices began to fall when perceptive investors traded of their stocks. Thus, the high priced stocks were temporal (Bierman 1). Due to the falling stock prices, panic selling began and the value of stocks dropped drastically. Impact of stock crash on the economy The United States economy was greatly affected by the stock market crash. Both individuals and businesses had invested heavily in stocks and thus after the crash they lost their money. Many businesses closed down and individuals did not have money to purchase goods from those businesses that were still operational. The then president Hoover signed a treaty that increased tariff rates with the signing of the Smooth Hawley tariff. Consequently, other nations shunned American goods due to exorbitant prices Investors The sudden crash of the stock affected investors who had borrowe d money to invest in stocks greatly. Generally, the people could no longer afford to buy goods and the demand for the goods declined sharply. People felt poor because their stocks had lost value at the stock market and thus could not afford to buy goods. Furthermore, they could not make new investments because they could not sell the stocks due to people loss of trust in the stocks (Stock Market Crash 1). Banks Banks were greatly affected by the stock crash and chaos reigned in the banking sector. To begin with, banks rushed out to collect debts from investors who had borrowed to invest in the stock market yet their stocks had very little value. In addition, the banks had not been left behind in investing in the stock market and most had deposited huge amounts of money in stocks. Consequently, depositors also hurried to the banks to withdraw their money from the banks after learning that the banks also had huge deposits in the stock market in a bid to save their savings. The banks w ere hit hard by the huge savings collections and the Federal Reserve System could not bail all banks out. Thus, many banks started to fall between 1932 and 1933 (Stock Market Crash 1). The banking system in American had almost grinded to a halt in 1993 when Franklin Roosevelt took office. The depositors had lost about $140 billion after banks closures. Therefore, people did not accept payments in checks because it was not easy to tell which checks had worth (Stock Market Crash 1).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How long it lasted The chaos caused by the 1929 stock market crash lasted for about four years. After taking office Roosevelt ordered banks to close for three days and during this period, measures were taken to correct the situation and prevent it from recurring in the future. For instance, few banks that reopened had strict withdrawal limits. Ultimately, sanity and confidence b egan to return to the banking systems. Conclusion The stock market crash in 1929 was great lesson to the American government on how not to run the banking system. Many measures were in place to ensure that banks would not put their customers’ deposits at risk by investing in the stock market. The measures would prevent a crash in stocks with similar magnitudes in the future. Works Cited Bierman, Harold. The 1929 stock market crash. eh.net. 05 Feb. 2010. Web. Stock Market Crash. pbs.org. n.d. Web. This essay on The stock market crash of 1929 was written and submitted by user Black Tarantula to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Rejection

Rejection Rejection is the hardest thing that a person has to handle in relationships. Rejection is when one person disregards another person’s affection towards them. After the first exposure to rejection a person is very cautious on whom or what they let get close to their heart. The heart is the most sensitive part of a person’s body. It obtains a physical and an emotional purpose. Its physical purpose is to help the rest of the body function properly. The emotional purpose is that it protects how people treat and react to each other. If a person’s heart is in pain because of rejection it is hard to determine how a person is going to react. An individual’s reaction to rejection is always different because it depends on the person and how well they handle pain. There are some that rebound, which means after ending one relationship they automatically go into another relationship. Rebounding causes speculation from people outside of the old relationship; the person was in the relationship. The outsider thinks that the person was in the other relationship before he/she left the last relationship. The ex-partner thinks or notices that the person who proclaims that they loved them did not love them. Some think that the person is in denial about how they really feel. Some people try and move on with their life but do not go into a serious relationship very quickly. There are people who fall into a stage of depression. Depression contains different levels. One level is when a person is still in love with their former companion and tries to forget or run away from the feelings they still obtain. While in this level they d ate other people, try to keep away from any serious relationships, and try not to be around that ex-companion. The worst level of depression is almost the same as the level mentioned above but you do not try and move on with your life. Instead of moving on, the person is constantly thinking about the past relati... Free Essays on Rejection Free Essays on Rejection Rejection Rejection is the hardest thing that a person has to handle in relationships. Rejection is when one person disregards another person’s affection towards them. After the first exposure to rejection a person is very cautious on whom or what they let get close to their heart. The heart is the most sensitive part of a person’s body. It obtains a physical and an emotional purpose. Its physical purpose is to help the rest of the body function properly. The emotional purpose is that it protects how people treat and react to each other. If a person’s heart is in pain because of rejection it is hard to determine how a person is going to react. An individual’s reaction to rejection is always different because it depends on the person and how well they handle pain. There are some that rebound, which means after ending one relationship they automatically go into another relationship. Rebounding causes speculation from people outside of the old relationship; the person was in the relationship. The outsider thinks that the person was in the other relationship before he/she left the last relationship. The ex-partner thinks or notices that the person who proclaims that they loved them did not love them. Some think that the person is in denial about how they really feel. Some people try and move on with their life but do not go into a serious relationship very quickly. There are people who fall into a stage of depression. Depression contains different levels. One level is when a person is still in love with their former companion and tries to forget or run away from the feelings they still obtain. While in this level they d ate other people, try to keep away from any serious relationships, and try not to be around that ex-companion. The worst level of depression is almost the same as the level mentioned above but you do not try and move on with your life. Instead of moving on, the person is constantly thinking about the past relati...

Saving for the Future Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Saving for the Future - Coursework Example However, owing to the notion of time value of money, the buyer would be required to save an amount different from that of $25,000. Taking the 5 year interest rate of 0.78% (U.S Department of The Treasury, 2012), the saving required annually amounts to the future value of an annuity (ordinary) assuming that $125,000 will be required after 5 years. This amounts to: 125,000= C* {(1.0078^5)-1/0.0078} = $24,613.03 Where: C= unknown i= 0.78% n=5 This is based on the following formula: FV (annuity) = C * {[(1+i) ^n – 1] / i} (Brigham & Houston, 2011) Where: C = Cash flow per period i = interest rate n = number of payments Two factors highly influence the future value of the cash flows calculated today; firstly, the periods for which they are calculated and, secondly, the rates at which they are calculated (Brigham & Houston, 2011). In both cases, the future value of the savings today is directly related to the interest rate and period. Higher the interest rate or period at which cash flows are calculated, greater the amount of future value of the investments made at T=0 (Brigham & Houston, 2011). Furthermore, the fact that whether savings are made at the beginning or end of a particular period, as well as the number of compounding periods also matters (Brigham & Houston, 2011). ... However, if changes are made to the number of compounding periods such that the number of compounding periods is 12 instead of 1, the resultant savings would then be: (125,000 / 76.213)= $1,640.134 which is approximately $1,640 The total annual investment/savings would translate to: $24,613 x 5= $123,065 if compounded annually On the other hand, the net investment/savings for five years would be: $98,400 (1,640 x 12 x 5) if calculated using monthly compounding. The savings bear an annual opportunity cost of $24,665 Furthermore, it has been observed that the rate of interest is apparently low owing to the riskless nature of Treasury Bills (Brigham & Houston, 2011). This is based on the simple rule underlying financial theories that the rate of return is positively associated with the level of risk (Brigham & Houston, 2011). A higher risk translates to higher return and vice versa. As opposed to T-bills, if the savings are channelized into corporate bonds, they will reap a higher rate of return compared to T-bills because these bonds are riskier compared to T-bills both in terms of riskiness of principal and interest payment. If the investment in these corporate bonds was made on a rate that is compounded annually, the savings required in order to obtain $125,000 towards the end would be lower than the amount shown in initial calculations. Thus, the net effect would be that the investor will lose money by investing in T-bills rather than corporate bonds representing an opportunity cost. To sum up, there are two alternatives available to an individual investor in order to accumulate $125,000 at the end of the year: to invest in corporate bonds or to invest in T-bills. The option that investor chooses entirely depends on his/her attitudes towards risk (

Reflective commentary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflective commentary - Assignment Example Defining the substance of the study made it possible to undertake a focused study without going off-topic ‘(Hartley, 2010)’. The definition was followed by a further inquiry into the components of the council, with a focus on the parties that make up the council, how they are selected and the powers they wield. These components were better explained by the book titled The Foundations of EU Law by T. Hartley. This was an important step, since it broadens the study in a systematic manner. This is because, the study advances from the mere definition to understanding the components of the body and the powers held by the parties. Having understood the components of the EU council as a decision making body of the EU, it was relevant to understand how the decision making process is undertaken. This required some inquiry into the procedures of undertaking meetings, their venues and what the meetings entail. At this stage, the broad topic was narrowed down to engage in understand ing the specific details of the EU council meetings, who arranges them and how the agendas are raised ‘(Hartley, 2010)’. This is when the book titled Unlocking EU Law by T. Storey and C. Turner, became relevant, since it explained all the procedures of the meetings and the changes in venues at different times ‘(Storey & Turner, 2011)’. ... In studying the role of the EU council as a decision making body of the EU, I visited the Law Teacher website to obtain credible information. Additionally, reliable and relevant sources, which particularly address the EU council and its roles were consulted. Here, the second edition of the book by A. Kaczorowska, titled European Union Law proved worth, since it comprehensively addressed the EU council and its functions ‘(Kaczorowska, 2011)’. Therefore, the resources used were the ones directly addressing the decision making process of the EU, since they would discuss this topic widely and venture into finer details, compared to other sources which generally address the EU holistically. I used The Foundations of EU Law by T. Hartley, to gain the basis the EU council decision-making mandate ‘(Hartley, 2010)’. The process of selecting the resources for use entailed consulting both the old and the new version of such resources, since a combination of the old and the new resources could be more informing than dwelling on either version. I used the third edition of Unlocking EU Law by T. Storey and C. Turner to gain an insight on how the decision making mandate of the EU council has changed over time ‘(Storey & Turner, 2011)’. Additionally, sources of information that addressed the decision making role of the council both before and after the EU enlargement were consulted, since they could give systematic information regarding the changes in the roles of the council. Here, the book, EU Law by J. Steiner, became relevant for this purpose ‘(Steiner, 2012)’. Therefore, a range of resources were consulted, to compare and contrast the information obtained, and settle on the most promising details. The

Dream Vacation Essay Example for Free

Dream Vacation Essay Eighty-five degrees, suns out, sand in your toes, a couple of brews, and you family and friends. That sounds like everyone dream vacation, but who would complain that sounds like a great time. You see during the summer I would love to take a couple of my friends to go see Dave Matthews Band play somewhere in the southwest. Seeing a concert probably isn’t the most exciting thing to do in a dream vacation, but as a group of friends we could do something so simple and have the best time ever. If my friends couldn’t come with I honestly think I would not want to go. My friends and I have all grown up together and have become so close that doing anything without one of them is just weird. We would get to this concert by car or plane, but I think if we took a car we could technically call it a road trip so it would make much more memorable. I wouldn’t bring my family because they would set rules, and on this vacation I just want to let everything go and have the best time of my life.What would be even better than just going to see Dave once, would be if my friends and I followed him on tour all summer! Unfortunately I don’t have that kind of cash, but I will have enough for this dream vacation, road trip when I start working in the summer and I can’t wait.

The Giver :: essays research papers

He was a peaceful looking man, with a large round belly and rosy red cheeks. Jonas couldn’t help but smile as he stared at the gentle looking figure. The man looked down at the freezing pair. He noticed Jonas’ trembling blue lips and the tiny shaking bundle of blanket that was Gabriel. The man immediately invited Jonas into his home and screamed for his wife to grab blankets and hot chocolate. Jonas sat shyly bundled in blankets as all of the strangers around him whispered to each other about him and Gabe. After a few awkward minutes the man who answered the door appeared with a steaming cup of â€Å"hot chocolate†. The man placed the mug in Jonas’s hands and told him to drink it, and that it would warm him up. Jonas peered over the edge of the goblet at the steaming hot brown liquid. Jonas had never heard of hot chocolate nor tasted it, but was delighted to have something to drink after his lengthy journey. He put the cup up to his mouth and took an enormous gulp. The children in the room giggled as he ferociously clawed at his tongue to try to get rid of the burning feeling. A woman in the room stood and walked over to Jonas and blew gently across the top of the cup. Jonas took another sip, but was more careful to take small amounts this time. He felt the drink flowing through his veins muscles. Jonas let the hot chocolate cool a little and then gave s ome to Gabriel also. Gabriel was now asleep in Jonas’ arms. The owners of the house left Jonas and Gabe alone to warm up, but now Jonas was warm, and curious. He found the adults in the kitchen because the children had been put to bed hours ago. After a complete interrogation by Jonas to the adults, he learned the man who opened the door was named Paul. His wife, the woman who blew on Jonas’ hot chocolate, was named Isabel. The other people who were in the home earlier were simply friends and relatives of Paul and Isabel. Jonas also learned of the name of the town he was now in, it was called Columbus, after an ancient explorer who existed over two-thousand years ago. After Jonas was done asking questions he started telling his story, of how he got there, why he had Gabriel with him, who The

American Beauty

There are numerous significant motives in the1999 film entitled American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham– a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid-life crisis and voluntarily decides to turn his chaotic life around after developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is proven to be significant with the satirical lust between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the beauty throughout his life sincerely, and the American beauty rose used as a symbol. This representation allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust portrayed is shown very satirically and creates a deep affect on the characters throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the first time and feels instantly compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angela’s age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to know Angela. Subsequently, after meeting her he says, â€Å" It’s the weirdest thing I feel like I’ve been in a comma for about 20 years and I’m just now waking up† (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, â€Å"The highlight of my day is masturbating in the shower† (American Beauty). By using the word â€Å"highlight† sows that it’s the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was â€Å"waking up† for the first time (American Beauty). This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Lester and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted and loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and boring in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is â€Å"great. † For example, Lester states, â€Å" I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life â€Å" (American Beauty). Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was â€Å"stupid,† although he still saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right before he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, â€Å"I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so much beauty in the world† (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he finally witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given. This strongly depicts the American beauty by allowing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the front yard. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family. In addition, the American beauty rose is also introduced countless times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her chest (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her; though, also the beauty that she brings to his life. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl. Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some may say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might argue that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant bouquet of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. People can also argue that in the next scene where Lester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the roses it self. This sincerely shows the ugliness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didn’t have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, â€Å"if you don’t feel the film’s piercing vision of what really matters, someday you will† ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or after they die. American Beauty There are numerous significant motives in the1999 film entitled American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham– a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid-life crisis and voluntarily decides to turn his chaotic life around after developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is proven to be significant with the satirical lust between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the beauty throughout his life sincerely, and the American beauty rose used as a symbol. This representation allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust portrayed is shown very satirically and creates a deep affect on the characters throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the first time and feels instantly compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angela’s age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to know Angela. Subsequently, after meeting her he says, â€Å" It’s the weirdest thing I feel like I’ve been in a comma for about 20 years and I’m just now waking up† (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, â€Å"The highlight of my day is masturbating in the shower† (American Beauty). By using the word â€Å"highlight† sows that it’s the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was â€Å"waking up† for the first time (American Beauty). This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Lester and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted and loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and boring in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is â€Å"great. † For example, Lester states, â€Å" I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life â€Å" (American Beauty). Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was â€Å"stupid,† although he still saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right before he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, â€Å"I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so much beauty in the world† (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he finally witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given. This strongly depicts the American beauty by allowing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the front yard. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family. In addition, the American beauty rose is also introduced countless times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her chest (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her; though, also the beauty that she brings to his life. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl. Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some may say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might argue that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant bouquet of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. People can also argue that in the next scene where Lester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the roses it self. This sincerely shows the ugliness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didn’t have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, â€Å"if you don’t feel the film’s piercing vision of what really matters, someday you will† ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or after they die.